OSP Journal of Physics and Astronomy

Electromagnetic tensor is a 2-form derived from the exterior derivative of a 1-form, similarly Gravitomagnetic tensor can be derived from the exterior derivative of the Energy-momentum 1-form and we obtain the similar Maxwell`s equations.

In a manifold with a linear connection if the torsion tensor vanishes then the Christoffel symbols are symmetric in the lower indices, this is the motivation to call it the symmetric connection.

The requirement of being metric, the length is preserved by parallel transport, and symmetric leads to the unique result for the Christoffel symbols of the connection.

This distinguished linear connection on a Riemannian manifold is usually called the Riemann connection or the Levi-Civita connection.

We consider a connection which is metric but not symmetric, the torsion tensor does not vanish and we study the conservation laws depending on it and the action, the space is a Riemann-Cartan space.

The Allais effect[1] is the alleged anomalous behavior of pendulums which is sometimes purportedly observed during a solar eclipse. The ef fect was first reported as an anomalous precession of the plane of oscillation of a Foucault pendulum during the solar eclipse of June 30, 1954 by Maurice Allais, a French polymath who went on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. Allais reported another observation of the effect during the solar eclipse of October 2, 1959 using the paraconical pendulum he invented. This study earned him the 1959 Galabert Prize of the French Astronautical Society and made him a laureate of the U.S. Gravity Research Foundation for his 1959 memoir on gravity.

Gravitomagnetic tensor[4] generates the extra force needed to explain the anomalous behavior of pendulums observed during a solar eclipse.

The objective of this study is to examine and report on the scientific and mathematical errors that have collectively created a prevailing view about the cosmos that is significantly in error. Because of a fundamental cosmological error dating back to 1915, currently accepted cosmology has built an elaborate structure of theories that are without foundation. The mythical big bang could not possibly have happened, galaxies are not retreating from each other, we are not on a collision course with Andromeda, and both dark matter and dark energy are fictions. Because of two mathematical oversights also dating back to 1915, general relativity has become the currently accepted explanation for gravity. Unfortunately, this geometric theory of gravity is fatally flawed. Four-dimensional spacetime does not exist, does not curve, and does not interact with gravity. Gravity does not bend light, and gravitational waves do not exist. This study conclusively proves that the following hypotheses are false: big bang theory, Hubble’s law, expansion theory, 4-D spacetime, general relativity, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background theory, gravitational waves, and Higgs boson theory. The universe is an infinite timeless expanse without boundaries of any kind and without beginning or ending. There is also a limiting distance at which light emitted from extremely distant galaxies falls beneath the visible spectrum.

The gravitomagnetic photon emission is the first step to get a new Astronomy, it is derived from the solution of the Schrodinger equation adding the gravitational potential. The variation in Planck constant is the first step to get the Gravity and Quantum Mechanics unification, the variation is derived from the solution of the Schrodinger equation in gravitational systems.

Published studies have stated that the mass ratio of ordinary substances such as atoms, dark matter and dark energy are approximately five percent, twenty seven percent and sixty eight percent, respectively. However, it has not been successfully realized until today to detect and thus to prove the existence of dark matter and dark energy. There should be some fundamental problems to be addressed and the universal space-time itself must have its own hidden characteristics. It estimates here the universal space-time by using the special theory of relativity i.e., the combined velocity, the increasing mass, the duration time and the quantum chemical reaction rate. The results suggest that each of “the ternary space-times” has its own specific light velocity and that the cosmic age of dark matter uncaptured can be about 100 million years in our age of the universe 13.8 billion years.

Logic is the science of reasoning, proof, and validity. This is the first study to apply rigorous logical analysis to eight prevailing theories of astrophysics. Because of multiple false assumptions, faulty reasoning, and mathematical oversights the following cosmological theories are hereby invalidated: big bang theory, Hubble’s law, general relativity, gravitational wave theory, dark matter theory, dark energy theory, Higgs boson theory, and Doppler-redshift theory. That which is logically impossible is also physically impossible.

Mercury deviates from the precession predicted from the Newtonian effects. In general relativity, this remaining precession, or change of orientation of the orbital ellipse within its orbital plane, is explained by gravitation being mediated by the curvature of spacetime. Einstein showed that general relativity agrees closely with the observed amount of perihelion shift. This was a powerful factor motivating the adoption of general relativity. Now this effect is also explained by the action of the gravitational magnetic field.

The beautiful Titius-Bode law about Solar planetary orbits discovered in 1766, is considered that it is a mathematical coincidence rather than an "exact" law, because it has not yet been physically proved. However, if the disturbance restoration and the stability of the asteroid belt orbit are considered, there must be some underlying logical necessity.

Gravitomagnetic tensor is derived from General Relativity comparing the action for a continuous distribution of matter and the action for the electromagnetic field.

Similarly  to  the  spin–orbit  interaction  there  is  a  magnetic  field  acting  on  the  star  S2  induced  by  the  supermassive  black  hole  gravitational field.   The gravitational magnetic force is derived from Special Relativity force transformations.  Energy associated with this new force is stored in the dark matter energy tensor D (4, 0) related to the Riemann curvature.

Dark matter gravity is generated by D(4,0) energy related directly to the  S(4,0)  tensor,  however  this  gravity  is  attributed  to  exotic  particles never detected, galaxies in our universe are rotating with such speed that the gravity generated by their observable matter could not possibly hold them together.

Total  Energy  T(4,0)  and  energy  tensors  are  defined  to  complete  the General  Relativity  field  equations.   The  Ricci  decomposition  is  a  way  of breaking up the Riemann curvature tensor into three orthogonal tensors, Z(4,0), Weyl tensor C(4,0) and S(4,0).

In the Eigen Theory of the physical world, the fundamental form of a particle of matter is a distribution of points that forms a manifold of its own. Each point results from the intersection of a corresponding pair of eigenvelocity vectors, which are functions of a pair of symmetric and antisymmetric tensors characteristic of gravitation and electromagnetism respectively. The theory develops in three stages. The first and second stages produce the wave and particle aspects matter. The third stage formulates the base manifold, characterised by an eigenfield of a second pair of symmetric and antisymmetric tensors, in which the particle moves as a whole whilst rotating about an axis through the particle centre. The first two stages expose the reality behind matter-antimatter, the quantum mechanical wave-particle duality and the results of the double-slit experiment. The third stage reveals the nature of dark energy and the structure of dark matter. In Eigen Theory Quantum Mechanics becomes restructured; in particular the uncertainty principle ceases to exist.

Poynting vector, Maxwell stress tensor and Lorentz force are generalized in curved space derived from gravitomagnetic tensor.

Gravitomagnetic tensor is derived from General Relativity comparing the action for a continuous distribution of matter and the action for the electromagnetic field.

Gravitational magnetic force is also derived from Special Relativity force transformations. Similarly to the spin-orbit interaction there is magnetic field acting on the star S2 induced by the supermassive black hole gravitational field.

Energy tensors are defined to complete the General Relativity field equations. Ricci decomposition is a way of breaking up the Riemann curvature tensor into three orthogonal tensors, Z, Weyl tensor C and S.

In a manifold with a linear connection if the torsion tensor vanishes then the Christoffel symbols are symmetric in the lower indices, this is the motivation to call it the symmetric connection.

The requirement of being metric, the length is preserved by parallel transport and symmetric leads to the unique result for the Christoffel symbols of the connection.

This distinguished linear connection on a Riemannian manifold is usually called the Riemann connection or the Levi-Civita connection.

We consider a connection which is metric but not symmetric, the torsion tensor does not vanish and we study the conservation laws depending on it, the non-symmetric Ricci tensor and the action.

This study conclusively disproves big bang theory, Hubble’s law, general relativity, dark matter theory, and gravitational wave theory.